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AI and fact-check journalism - the pitfalls of the search for truth by artificial intelligence
Haber, Josef ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Klimeš, David (referee)
The diploma thesis entitled AI & fact-check journalism - the pitfalls of the search for truth by artificial intelligence examines the connections between contemporary journalism, fact-checking, and artificial intelligence tools in the post-truth era. It describes the relationships between objectivity and interpretation and explores the problem of dichotomy between fact and value. The theoretical discussion is then translated into a practical issue using the journalistic discipline of fact-checking. Artificial intelligence tools and their potential for journalism are introduced. The practical part of the thesis focuses on experiments with an AI tool that automates fact-checking. The tool is tested using four alternative knowledge bases represented by Czech media datasets. All models show the expected response to ontologically truthful and false claims, confirming truths and debunking lies. Subsequently, the true opinions of the models about social reality are tested. The results demonstrate that the models adopt the opinions published in the datasets. However, it was not possible to trace systematic model opinions towards polarization in thematic areas from the results. The thesis includes suggestions for future changes in experiments. In the conclusion, the results are linked with both practical...
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"These are citizens of our country. We are their servants." A case study of Pierre Poilievre as an example of growing Canadian populism within the framework of Cas Mudde's scholarship
Mola-Schmidt, Amelia ; Shavit, Anna (advisor) ; Němcová Tejkalová, Alice (referee)
As scholars who have studied populism in the Canadian context have noted, Canada has previously held a false sense of immunity to the rise of populism due its multiculturalism that was seen as a barrier for the traditional xenophobic and culturally exclusive values of populist politicians in other Western democracies. Forms of populism that have arisen in Canada have taken the form of "neoliberal populism", an ideology rooted in fiscal conservatism and the belief that less government intervention is better. However, the election of Pierre Poilievre as leader of the Federal Conservative party has indicated a shift in the political spectrum, that populism is gaining traction on a mainstream level. As Cas Mudde has written about in his literature on populism, the mainstream media play an active role in shaping the discourse around populists, often giving them more air time due to their sensationalist behaviour that make for viral soundbites. So how has the Canadian media responded to Poilievre, and how does the political alignment of media impact the coverage he gets? This study will seek to answer these questions and provide insights into how the Canadian media may contribute to further political polarisation in society.
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Portrayal of journalists in selected fantastic novels
Kobzová, Nikola ; Čeňková, Jana (advisor) ; Maňák, Vratislav (referee)
The subject of this bachelor thesis is the analysis of selected novels of fantastical literature and their subsequent interpretation. The aim is to explore how journalists are portrayed in these works and how their work is evaluated. In the introductory part, I focus on the fantastical genre, including its categories fantasy and science fiction and their sub-genres, such as contemporary and portal fantasy, dystopia, and humorous science fiction. The second chapter focuses on the method used in this thesis, describing qualitative research and content analysis of the texts which I used to analyse the selected novels. The chapter also includes insights on literary characters. The main part of the thesis focuses on specific series of novels, including Harry Potter by J.K. Rowling, The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins, and The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams. Journalism and media topics are prominent in these works, and each of the series deals with a different type of media, making it possible to compare differences in the portrayal of print media, radio, television, or the internet. I describe the central motifs and basic storylines of each series. The subsequent interpretation of the texts focuses on the specific portrayal of journalism in each of the series, analysing at least one...
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Journalistic Perspectives on Nordic Identity in Estonia
Niiler, James Viking ; Shavit, Anna (advisor) ; Turková, Kateřina (referee)
Since its restoration of independence in 1991, Estonia has sought to include itself in the Nordic region (Norden) to boost its international reputation and promote its geopolitical interests. However, Estonia's inclusion within Norden is questionable and controversial despite its historical and cultural links to the region. For this Thesis, I conduct a qualitative case study, performing semi-structured interviews with six leading Estonian journalists to ascertain the state of Estonia's national identity vis-à-vis the Nordic region. Contextualizing these interviews by drawing on contemporary history and theories of nation branding, agenda-setting, and constructionism, I conclude that, due to current social and economic factors, Estonia cannot be considered a "Nordic country" at this time. However, Estonia undoubtedly lies within the Nordic region's sphere of influence and is on track for further integration with Norden, due to both internally generated reforms and external geopolitical pressures. Keywords Estonia, national identity, Nordic, journalism, agenda-setting, constructionism, nation branding
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Ethical aspects of personalized content in selected online media
Dorňáková, Tereza ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Lokšík, Martin (referee)
The thesis is focused on personalized content recommendation in Czech online news media and the ethical issues related to its implementation. The subject of the qualitative analysis are semi- structured interviews with representatives of two Czech media houses. The research sample includes respondents from Seznam Zprávy and Seznam, and from E15 and Czech News Center. The interviewees included representatives of newsrooms as well as media and product management. The aim of the study was to find out to what extent they use personalised content recommendation tools, to outline the reasons why they have decided to take this step or are considering it. It turned out that within the studied online news media they are still using personalised content recommendation to a minimum, or they are testing or planning to introduce these tools to a greater extent. Personalised recommendation tools are more widely used on the homepage of Seznam. The subject of this thesis was also to identify ethical issues related to the introduction or use of personalised recommendation. The main areas, according to the respondents' statements, include issues of setting selection parameters, the ability to retain agenda setting by editors, automation and transparency.
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The origin and development of the magazine Gól between 1968-1989
Hamplová, Kateřina ; Lukšů, David (advisor) ; Bednařík, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis explores the origin and development of the sports magazine Gól, which centers in on the two most popular sports - football and ice hockey. The aim of the thesis is to present the origin of Gól in 1968 and to map its subsequent development until 1989. It also examines the environment of Czech sports journalism in the second half of the 1960s and the Olympia publishing house, which published Gól throughout the period of normalization. I examined 22 issues of the magazine, analyzed its structure and focused on its content agenda and graphic design. The thesis describes the main sections of Gól and also examines the influence of the communist regime on the magazine's content. It also focuses on the editorial personalities who shaped the form of the magazine. I conducted semi-structured interviews with former editors Jaroslav Kolář, Pavel Bárta, Stanislav Hrabě, Přemysl Hrubý and Jiří Macků, whose utterances helped me gather valuable information about the development of the traditional magazine.
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Linguistic analysis of newspaper headlines in English
DAŇOVÁ, Tereza
This work deals with the language side of English newspaper headlines. First it outlines the theoretical background of concepts related to the field, such as journalism, news and media language and style. Then it describes the historical development of headlines, their functions and types. The main focus of the work is a linguistic analysis of headlines collected from the British tabloid The Sun. The thesis identifies the linguistic features and means of newspaper headlines and describes their linguistic peculiarities.
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Comparative analysis of persuasive means used in the Czech and French news texts informing about Covid-19.
DLUHOŠOVÁ, Petra
This diploma thesis deals with the persuasive devices used in journalistic articles, French and Czech, and their comparison within these two languages. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, the theoretical one, the thesis focuses mainly on the definition of the concept of persuasion and how it manifests itself within journalism. Then, it deals with the description of the journalistic style and journalism in general in the Czech and French settings and traces any differences between the two countries and cultures. In the second part, analytical one, it works with a specific sample of selected journalistic texts, demonstrating and observing these persuasive devices and assessing their relevance and frequency of their usage, again with the intention of documenting possible differences in the Czech and French settings, as well as differences in terms of different genres of journalism. However, the majority of the texts are news texts. This sample of texts focuses on a single theme concerning news and other journalistic articles reporting on the covid-2019 epidemic. The aim of the thesis is to compare the approach of the two concepts of persuasive means and to identify possible differences in their use. This comparison can be made at the level of differences between the two countries, as well as between different journalistic genres. The thesis also includes a set of selected journalistic articles that served as a basis for the analytical part of the thesis.
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